![]() In the 2014 Treaty of Waitangi settlement between the Crown and the Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau collective of 13 Auckland iwi and hapu (also known as the Tāmaki Collective), ownership of the 14 Tūpuna Maunga (ancestral mountains) of Tāmaki Makaurau / Auckland, was vested to the collective, including the volcano officially named Maungauika. The research however, found little of new import. As it was feared that old ammunition was decaying in forgotten parts of the fortifications, a major investigation was started, involving documentary research, geological tests and substantial exploratory digging was done around the hill. Some tales even told of airplanes hidden in secret storerooms. In the late 1980s and early 1990s there were reports of strange chemical smells and rumours of hidden caverns underneath the hill. Also popular are exploratory forays to the gun emplacements and into the tunnel system, which is open to the public to a substantial degree, though torches are needed to explore it. Since the Navy school left the summit area in 1996, the Department of Conservation has administered the area as a reserve, which provides for beautiful walks along the waterline or onto the summit with good views of Rangitoto Island and Auckland due to the prominent height of the hill. After the army had left, the area was turned into a reserve again, though the New Zealand Navy kept an area around the summit for a training school. The coastal defences were scrapped in 1950, though one of the disappearing guns remained behind – obsolete and too difficult for the scrap merchant who bought it to disassemble and remove. Then during World War II, it became the administrative centre of Auckland's coast defenses, with the regimental headquarters buildings still surviving today. In the 1930s, part of the fort received modernisation. A four-gun memorial saluting battery of 18-pounder World War I field guns was used, among other occasions, to salute Queen Elizabeth II on her visit in 1953. None of the armaments were ever used in anger. The armaments of the fort included 64-pounder Armstrong disappearing guns, searchlights, and a remote-detonated naval minefield across the inner harbour to Bastion Point. The prisoners added extensive tunnel systems, underground store rooms, and various observation posts. These first fortifications were hastily constructed, but later expanded and strengthened over 25 years by convict labor of up to 40 prisoners living in a barracks on the hilltop. ![]() The defences consisted of three gun batteries: North Battery facing over the Rangitoto Channel, South Battery facing over the inner harbour, and Summit/Cautley Battery on the top of the hill. ![]() When the Russian scare was at its height, forts were built in various places around Auckland to deter the Russians. ![]() In 1878, the area was then set aside as a public reserve – with the stipulation that if necessary, it could be re-appropriated for the New Zealand Army to use for defence purposes. North Head provided the settlement of Auckland with its first pilot station for the guiding of ships into the harbour. European visitors during the 1850s have also described a settlement at the foot of the hill with gardens and racks for the drying of fish. Some early photographs of the area show that they used to work gardens on the hill's lower slopes, though the pā fortifications of other cones in the area seem absent. The Tainui people named the spring 'Takapuna', which was later used for the nearby beach. It was first used by Māori, and the Tainui waka was reputed to have put ashore close by at what is now Torpedo Bay. The original scoria cone has been substantially altered, first by marine erosion and later by the various generations of people who have occupied the headland. Maungauika in the Māori language means "The Mountain of Uika", referring to a Tāmaki Māori ancestor thought to have lived here 800 years ago. ![]()
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